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Census
Data 2001 >> Metadata
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| Introduction |
1. The first census of the third millennium and twenty first century the Census
of India, 2001 was the 14th continuous and uninterrupted Indian census since
1872. Thus, 2001 Census will provide data on population and its characteristics
marking transition from one century and millennium to another. This data will
form the benchmark for framing of the welfare and development policies for billion
plus human resources living in this country.
2. The Census Act, 1948, forms the basis for the conduct
of population censuses in independent India. The Census
of India, 2001 was conducted in two distinct but inter-related
phases. The first phase, the Houselisting Operation was
conducted between April- September, 2000 in different states
and union territories as a prelude to the exercise of undertaking
the decennial Population Census. The houselisting exercise
provided the basis for uniform and unambiguous frame to
undertake the Population Enumeration with the ultimate
objective of achieving as full a coverage as is humanly
possible without any omission of an area or household.
During this Houselisting Operation, data on housing conditions,
amenities and assets available to the households were also
collected. The second phase of census i.e. Population Enumeration,
was undertaken between February, 9-28th 2001 (both days
inclusive) with a revisional round from 1st to 5th March,
2001. The Census moment was 00.00 hours of 1st March, 2001,
the referral time at which the snapshot of the population
of the country was taken. This was a departure from the
earlier census tradition, as until the 1991 Census (except
1971), the sunrise of 1st March of the relevant Census
year was the census moment. The enumeration of houseless
population was carried out on the night of February 28th,
2001.
3. In certain inaccessible and snow bound
areas of the country, population enumeration was preponed
for administrative
and technical convenience and carried out non-
synchronously. Thus in Jammu & Kashmir and certain snow bound areas
of Himachal Pradesh and Uttranchal the Population Enumeration
was conducted during 11th – 30th September,
2000 with a revisional round from 1st to 5th October,
2000.
In Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh, the Population
Enumeration had to be deferred due to flash floods
in August, 2000 and was conducted from 12th - 31st
May, 2001 with
reference date as 1st June, 2001. In Jammu and
Kashmir, due to certain constraints, the enumeration
period
was extended from 1st October, 2000 to 15th November,
2000
with a reference date of 16th November, 2000 in
the six districts viz., Srinagar, Badgam, Anantnag,
Baramulla,
Kupwara and Pulwama of Kashmir Valley and four
blocks namely,
Banihal, Ramso, Marwa and Wardwan of Doda district
in Jammu Division. It was further extended in Srinagar
town and
Pulwama districts until 15th December, 2000 with
reference date being 16th December, 2000.
4. Further, due to the devastating earthquake in Gujarat
on 26th January, 2001 just two weeks prior to the commencement
of the nation wide Population Enumeration, this schedule
in the affected areas of Gujarat had to be postponed. These
included the entire district of Kachchh, Morvi, Maliya-Miana
and Wankaner talukas of Rajkot district and Jodiya taluka
of Jamnagar district. The Population Enumeration in these
areas was undertaken during 9th-28th February, 2002 with
1st March, 2002 as the reference date. Although enumeration
in certain areas of the country have been undertaken at
different points of time and with different reference dates,
no adjustments have been made to the enumerated population
so as to bring all of them to the common reference date
of 1st March, 2001. This, if at all, will have a very minor,
almost negligible bearing on the population totals for
the country or state or even the districts in most cases.
5. This gigantic operation (considered
by many to be the single largest and complex peace
time administrative
exercise in the world) was made possible due to
the door to door universal canvassing of the Household Schedule
by about 2 million enumerators and supervisors
covering
593 districts, 5463 sub-districts, 5161 towns and
638,588 villages. The comprehensive Household Schedule
which replaced
the individual slip had three parts and two sides
A
and B. Part I contained the Location Particulars; Part
II related
to the Individual Particulars and Part III contained
questions for Household engaged in Cultivation/Plantation
(Annexure-I).
The part II of the Household Schedule had 39 columns
and 23 questions all of which were universally canvassed
and
no sampling was resorted to during enumeration.
To facilitate quick tabulation for bringing out Provisional
Population
Totals, provision for page totaling were made in
the schedule itself for a few items namely population,
males,
females,
population aged 0-6 years by sex, literates, illiterates
and workers and their categories by sex. The Provisional
Population Totals were put in the public domain
on 26th March, 2001 within three weeks of the completion
of
the
enumeration. Provisional Population Totals, Paper-1
of 2001 and Supplement to Provisional Population Totals
of
2001 provided the basic statistics of the population,
literates upto district level classified by sex. The
Directorates of Census Operations also released provisional
data at the district, sub-district and town levels for
their respective
States/Uts through the publication of Paper 1,
2 and
3 of Provisional Population Totals. Subsequently,
the distribution
of population by rural and urban areas and economic
activity characteristics of the population by rural
and urban areas
at district/sub-district/town level were also released
in electronic format at the national level and
print form at the state level. All the provisional population
totals
released so far are also available on census website
: http://www.censusindia.net
6. In addition to the provisional population
totals, the final results of the Houselisting Operations
were released
in April, 2003 which provided valuable information
on the housing stock, amenities and assets available
to the household.
Houselisting data is available in the hard copy
form in ‘Tables
on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets by India and
States’. Similar publications are also available
for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes
households separately. This data is also available
in hard copy
and electronic format for India and all the States/Union
territories
at district, sub-district and town level. The Houselisting
data is immensely useful to the policy makers,
planners and administrators to improve the quality
of life
for countrymen as well to the corporate sector
for formulating
marketing
strategies in reaching the rural masses.
Data Processing
7. A quantum leap was made in the technology front while
processing the Census 2001 data both for Houselisting and
Population Enumeration. The Schedules for both the phases
were scanned through high speed scanners in fifteen data
centres across the country and hand-written data from the
schedules were converted into digitized form through Intelligent
Character Reading (ICR) software for creation of ASCII
records for further processing. The designing and formatting
of the Household Schedule had to be done very carefully
using specialized software so as to ensure uniformity,
which was an essential pre-requisite for scanning. The
selection of appropriate state-of-art technology in data
processing has made it possible to produce all the Houselisting
as well as Population Enumeration tables on full count
basis for the first time in the history of Census. For
Census 2001, about 202 million schedules consisting of
about 1028 million records were scanned and processed within
a span of only 10 months starting October, 2002.
Task Force on Quality Assurance
8. After the data is processed, it is expedient on the
part of the data producing agency to satisfy itself about
its quality before putting the same in public domain. This
has to be done mainly through the process of internal consistency,
comparison with similar data in the past and also through
validation with likewise data if available, from external
sources. Quite often the local knowledge and perception
has to be brought into play to understand both the existing
and the new emerging trends of population distribution
and characteristics. The other very important aspect of
the data quality is to ensure complete coverage of all
geographical areas specially for the population enumeration
phase where the data is disseminated right up to the village
level in the rural areas and the ward level in the urban
areas. Thus ensuring the complete coverage and correct
geographical linkage of each enumeration block was one
of the major planks of the quality control, specially for
small area population statistics.
9. A very comprehensive check and edit mechanism was
put in place to objectively examine the preliminary Census
2001 Population Enumeration results and finally clear them
for use. The responsibility of the final clearance of data
was with the Task Force on Quality Assurance (TFQA), headed
by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.
The other members of the TFQA were the Heads and senior
officers of the Census Division, Data Processing Division,
Map Division, Demography Division and Social Studies Division.
The Directors of Census Operations were co-opted as members
whenever the TFQA discussed the data for their States/Union
territories. The Directors and their senior officers were
required to make detailed presentations of data for their
own state both in respect to the quality and the coverage
and only after the full possible satisfaction of the TFQA,
the population data was cleared.
10. There has been a major departure
in Census 2001 from the past in respect of the procedure
followed for finalization
of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes
population. In the earlier censuses, the total Scheduled
Castes
and Scheduled Tribes populations were finalized at
the time
of the manual compilation of the Primary Census
Abstracts (PCA) at the Regional Tabulation Offices which
were
specially set up for this purpose. The individual
Scheduled Castes
and the Scheduled Tribes population for each state
was finalized much later based on manual coding done
by the
coders. In 2001 Census, each individual Scheduled
Caste and the Scheduled Tribe have been coded directly
on
the computers by the Data Entry Operators through
a process known as Computer Assisted Coding (CAC) and taken
up
along
with the processing of PCA data. The CAC process
involves pulling down, from the relevant dictionary of
the Scheduled
Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, on the computer
screen and coding from the dictionary by referring to
the
image of the specific individual entry in the Household
Schedule
appearing on the screen. The CAC of the response
on
Religion wherever required, was also undertaken along
with the processing
of PCA. This is because the Scheduled Castes status
had to be determined in relation to the religion
of an individual.
Two Special Task Forces, one on Religion and the
other on Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes were constituted
for scrutiny and appropriate classification of these
responses.
11. The main task of the Special Task Force on Religion
was to appropriately merge or group the new responses encountered
and code it into the appropriate religious community based
on available literature and local knowledge. The Special
Task Force on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes examined
the different Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes entries
encountered and classified these into appropriate category
of the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes principally
based on the Presidential Notification and the available
literature. Thus a very systematic and scientific mechanism
was operationalised to firm up the individual religion
and the individual Scheduled Castes/Tribes returns. The
Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes population in
2001 Census, is thus being finalized by aggregating the
population data for individual Scheduled Castes and the
Scheduled Tribes at appropriate geographical levels.
12. The entire work relating to the data validation and
scrutiny was completed by all the States/Union territories
under the overall supervision and monitoring of the Census
Division of the Office of the Registrar General, India
with active cooperation and support of the Social Studies
Division, Data Processing Division, Data Dissemination
Division and Map Division.
13. The final population figures were released at first
which provided details on the total population including
the houseless and institutional population, the Scheduled
Caste population and the Scheduled Tribe population for
the Country/State/Union territory/District/Tehsil/Town
by sex and residence will be of immense use to the data
users. These data are presented in the Table titled : Final
Population Totals-1 (FPT-1) - Total Population, Scheduled
Caste and Scheduled Tribe Population by sex and place of
residence-State / Union territory/ District / Tehsil/ Town:
2001.
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| Concepts and Definitions |
It is important for the data users to familiarize themselves with
the concepts and the definitions of the terms used for proper appreciations
of the data contained in this publication. At the same time, it is
all the more important to understand the implications of the terms
used at the Census of India 2001, for making meaningful comparisons
of the similar data generated by various other agencies within the
country and with the data produced by other countries in the world.
The concepts and definitions adopted at the Census of India, 2001
are as given below:
01. Persons enumerated
Generally speaking, persons who are present in the household during the entire
period of enumeration or who are known to be usual residents of the household
and have stayed there for part of the enumeration period or who are not present
at the time of visit of the enumerator but are expected to return by 28th February,
2001 are eligible to be enumerated. For the purpose of enumeration the following
persons are enumerated in a household:
(i) All those who normally reside and are present in that household
during the entire period of enumeration, i.e. from 9th February
to 28th February, 2001 (both days inclusive);
(ii) Those who are known to be normally residing and had actually
stayed during a part of the enumeration period in the household
(9th February to 28th February, 2001) but are not present at the
time of the visit of enumerator.
(iii) Also those who are known to be normally residing in the
household and are not present at the time of the visit but expected
to return by 28th February, 2001; and
(iv) Visitors who are present in the household censused and expected
to be away from the place(s) of their usual residence during the
entire enumeration period. For the purpose of enumeration such
visitors were treated as normal residents of the household where
they were actually found during the enumeration period provided
they were not been enumerated elsewhere.
In Census, every person irrespective of age, sex, caste, creed,
region, origin or religion is counted only once, without omission
or duplication provided she/he satisfied the criteria of enumeration
listed above. Foreigners who are expected to stay within the geographical
limits of this country throughout the enumeration period are to
be counted wherever they are found, if not enumerated elsewhere.
Those foreigners who are expected to stay in India for a part of
enumeration period are not eligible for enumeration. It may also
be important to state that the foreigners and their families who
were having diplomatic status were not enumerated. But Indian nationals
employed and staying with them were enumerated.
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02. Rural-Urban Areas
The data in the table on Final Population Totals are presented separately for
rural and urban areas. The unit of classification in this regard is 'town'
for urban areas and 'village' for rural areas. In the Census of India 2001,
the definition of urban area adopted is as follows: (a) All statutory places
with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee,
etc. (b) A place satisfying the following three criteria simultaneously:
i) a minimum population of 5,000;
ii) at least 75 per cent of male working population engaged
in non-agricultural pursuits; and
iii) a density of population of at least 400 per sq. km. (1,000 per
sq. mile).
For identification of places which would qualify to be classified
as 'urban' all villages, which, as per the 1991 Census had a population
of 4,000 and above,
a population density of 400 persons per sq. km. and having at least
75 per cent of male working population engaged in non-agricultural
activity were considered.
To work out the proportion of male working population referred to
above against b)(ii), the data relating to main workers were taken
into account.
An Urban Agglomeration is a continuous urban spread constituting
a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more
physically contiguous towns together and any adjoining urban outgrowths
of such towns. Examples of OGs are railway colonies, university
campuses, port areas, etc., that may come up near a city or statutory
town outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limits
of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city. Each such
individual area by itself may not satisfy the minimum population
limit to qualify it to be treated as an independent urban unit
but may deserve to be clubbed with the town as a continuous urban
spread.
For the purpose of delineation of Urban Agglomerations during
Census of India 2001, following criteria are taken as pre-requisites:
(a) The core town or at least one of the constituent towns of an
urban agglomeration should necessarily be a statutory town; and
(b) The total population of all the constituents (i.e. towns and
outgrowths) of an Urban Agglomeration should not be less than 20,000
(as per the 1991 Census). With these two basic criteria having
been met, the following are the possible different situations in
which Urban Agglomerations would be constituted: (i) a city or
town with one or more contiguous outgrowths; (ii) two or more adjoining
towns with their outgrowths; and (iii) a city and one or more adjoining
towns with their outgrowths all of which form a continuous spread.
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03. City
Towns with population of 1,00,000 and above are called
cities
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04. Household
A 'household' is usually a group of persons who normally
live together and take their meals from a common kitchen
unless the exigencies of work prevent
any of them from doing so. Persons in a household may be related
or unrelated or a mix of both. However, if a group
of unrelated persons live in a census
house but do not take their meals from the common kitchen, then
they are not constituent of a common household. Each
such person was to be treated as a
separate household. The important link in finding out whether it
was a household or not was a common kitchen. There
may be one member households, two member
households or multi-member households.A household with at least one Scheduled Caste member is treated
as Scheduled Caste Household. Similarly, a household having at
least one Scheduled Tribe member is treated as a Scheduled Tribe
household.
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05. Institutional Household
A group of unrelated persons who live in an institution and take their meals
from a common kitchen is called an Institutional Household. Examples of Institutional
Households are boarding houses, messes, hostels, hotels, rescue homes, jails,
ashrams, orphanages, etc. To make the definition more clearly perceptible to
the enumerators at the Census 2001, it was specifically mentioned that this
category of households would cover only those households where a group of unrelated
persons live in an institution and share a common kitchen.
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06. Houseless Households
Households who do not live in buildings or census houses but live in the open
on roadside, pavements, in hume pipes, under fly-overs and staircases, or in
the open in places of worship, mandaps, railway platforms, etc. are treated
as Houseless households.
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07. Head of the Household
The head of household for census purposes is a person who is recognised as
such by the household. She or he is generally the person who bears the chief
responsibility for managing the affairs of the household and takes decision
on behalf of the household. The head of household need not necessarily be the
oldest male member or an earning member, but may be a female or a younger member
of either sex. In case of an absentee de jure 'Head' who is not eligible to
be enumerated in the household, the person on whom the responsibility of managing
the affairs of household rests was to be regarded as the head irrespective
whether the person is male or female.
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08. Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes
Article 341 of the Constitution provides that the President
may, with respect to any State or Union territory, specify
the castes, races or tribes or parts
of or groups within castes, races or tribes which shall for the purposes
of the Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Castes in relation
to that State
or Union territory. Similarly, Article 342 provides for specification
of tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within
tribes or tribal communities
which are deemed to be for the purposes of the Constitution the Scheduled
Tribes in relation to that State or Union territory. In pursuance
of these provisions,
the list of Scheduled Castes and / or Scheduled Tribes are notified
for each State and Union territory and are valid only within
the jurisdiction of that
State or Union territory and not outside.
It is important to mention here that under the Constitution (Scheduled
Castes) Order, 1950, no person who professed a religion different
from Hinduism was deemed to be a member of a Scheduled Caste in
addition to every member of the Ramdasi, Kabirpanthi, Majhabi or
Sikligar caste resident in Punjab or Patiala and East Punjab States
Union were in relation to that State whether they professed the
Hindu or the Sikh religion. Subsequently, in September, 1956, by
an amendment, the Presidential Order of 1950 and in all subsequent
Presidential Orders relating to Scheduled Castes, the population
professing the Hindu and the Sikh religions were placed on the
same footing with regard to their inclusion as Scheduled Castes.
Later on, as per the amendment made in the Constitution (Scheduled
Castes) Order 1990, the Hindu, the Sikh and the Buddhist professing
population were placed on the same footing with regard to the recognition
of the Scheduled Castes.
For finalizing the list of Schedule Castes/Scheduled
Tribes notified in each state/union territory, all the constitutional
amendments
that have taken place prior to the conduct of 2001
census were taken into account. Since there is no Scheduled
Castes list
for
the state of Nagaland and the Union territories of
Andaman & Nicobar
Islands and Lakshadweep; and no Scheduled Tribes list
for the States of Delhi, Haryana and Punjab and the
Union territories of Chandigarh
and Pondicherry, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes population figures are furnished for only the relevant
category in respect
of these States and Union territories.
The instructions to the enumerators for recording the individual
responses on religion and the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled
tribes were more or less the same as in the past censuses. Each
enumerator was provided with a notified list of Scheduled Castes
and Scheduled Tribes in respect of his/her state/union territory.
The religion for each individual was first of all determined. Then
it was ascertained from the respondent for each individual whether
she or he belonged to a Scheduled caste or a Scheduled Tribe
through
Question No.8 & 9 of the Household Schedule. If
in reply to either of this question, the answer was
in the
affirmative, the
name of caste / tribe to which the individual belonged
was ascertained. If the name of caste / tribe returned
by the respondent appeared
in the approved list for the state the enumerator was
expected to treat the individual, as belonging to Scheduled
Caste or Scheduled
Tribe and record the appropriate entry.
09. Literates
A person aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding
in any language has been taken as literate. It is not necessary for a person
to have received any formal education or passed any minimum educational standard
for being treated as literate. People who were blind and could read in Braille
are treated to be literates.
A person, who can neither read nor write or can only read but
cannot write in any language, is treated as illiterate. All children
of age 6 years or less, even if going to school and have picked
up reading and writing, are treated as illiterate.
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10. Work
Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity
with or without compensation, wages or profit. Such participation
may be physical
and/or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also
includes effective supervision and direction of work. It even includes
part time help
or unpaid work on farm, family enterprise or in any other economic
activity. All persons engaged in 'work' as defined above are workers.
Persons who are
engaged in cultivation or milk production even solely for domestic
consumption are also treated as workers.
Reference period for determining a person as worker and non-worker
is one year preceding the date of enumeration.
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11. Main Workers
Those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference
period (i.e. 6 months or more) are termed as Main Workers.
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12. Marginal Workers
Those workers who had not worked for the major part of the reference period
(i.e. less than 6 months) are termed as Marginal Workers.
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13. Cultivator
For purposes of the census a person is classified as cultivator if he or
she is engaged in cultivation of land owned or held from Government or held
from
private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share. Cultivation
includes effective supervision or direction in cultivation. A person who
has given out her/his land to another person or persons or institution(s)
for cultivation
for money, kind or share of crop and who does not even supervise or direct
cultivation of land, is not treated as cultivator. Similarly, a person working
on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or a combination of both
(agricultural labourer) is not treated as cultivator.
Cultivation involves ploughing, sowing, harvesting and production
of cereals and millet crops such as wheat, paddy, jowar,
bajra, ragi, etc., and other
crops such as sugarcane, tobacco, ground-nuts, tapioca, etc., and
pulses, raw jute and kindred fibre crop, cotton, cinchona
and other medicinal plants,
fruit
growing, vegetable growing or keeping orchards or groves, etc.
Cultivation does not include the following plantation crops
- tea, coffee, rubber, coconut
and betel-nuts (areca).
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14. Agricultural Labourers
A person who works on another person's land for wages in
money or kind or share is regarded as an agricultural labourer.
She
or he has no risk in the cultivation,
but merely works on another person's land for wages. An agricultural
labourer has no right of lease or contract on land on which
She/he works.
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15. Household Industry Workers
Household Industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or
more members of the household at home or within the village in
rural areas and only within
the precincts of the house where the household lives in urban areas.
The larger proportion of workers in the household industry consists
of members
of the
household. The industry is not run on the scale of a registered
factory which would qualify or has to be registered under the Indian
Factories Act.
The main criterion of a Household industry even in urban areas
is the participation of one or more members of a household. Even
if the industry is not actually located at home in rural areas
there is a greater possibility of the members of the household
participating even if it is located anywhere within the village
limits. In the urban areas, where organized industry takes greater
prominence, the Household Industry is confined to the precincts
of the house where the participants live. In urban areas, even
if the members of the household run an industry by themselves but
at a place away from the precincts of their home, it is not considered
as a Household Industry. It should be located within the precincts
of the house where the members live in the case of urban areas.
Household Industry relates to production, processing, servicing,
repairing or making and selling (but not merely selling) of goods.
It does not include professions such as a Pleader, Doctor, Musician,
Dancer, Waterman, Astrologer, Dhobi, Barber, etc., or merely trade
or business, even if such professions, trade or services are run
at home by members of the household. Some of the typical industries
that can be conducted on a household industry basis are: Foodstuffs
: such as production of floor, milking or dehusking of paddy, grinding
of herbs, production of pickles, preservation of meat etc. Beverages:
such as manufacture of country liquor, ice cream, soda water etc.,
Tobacco Products : such as bidi, cigars, Textile cotton, Jute,
Wool or Silk, Manufacture of Wood and Wood Products, Paper and
Paper Products, Leather and Leather Products, Petroleum and Coal
Products : such as making foot wear from torn tyres and other rubber
footwear, Chemical and Chemical Products :such as manufacture of
toys, paints, colours, matches, fireworks, perfumes, ink etc.,
Service and Repairing of Transport Equipments : such as cycle,
rickshaw, boat or animal driven carts etc.
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16. Other Workers
All workers, i.e., those who have been engaged in some economic
activity during the last one year, but are not cultivators or
agricultural labourers or in
Household Industry, are 'Other Workers(OW)'. The type of workers that come
under this category of 'OW' include all government servants, municipal employees,
teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce,
business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work,
priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than
cultivators or agricultural labourers or household industry workers, are
'Other Workers'.
17. Non Workers
A person who did not at all work during the reference period was treated
as non-worker. The non-workers broadly constitute Students who did not participate
in any economic activity paid or unpaid, household duties who were attending
to daily household chores like cooking, cleaning utensils, looking after
children,
fetching water etc. and are not even helping in the unpaid work in the family
form or cultivation or milching, dependant such as infants or very elderly
people not included in the category of worker, pensioners those who are drawing
pension after retirement and are not engaged in any economic activity. Beggars,
vagrants, prostitutes and persons having unidentified source of income and
with unspecified sources of subsistence and not engaged in any economically
productive work during the reference period. Others, this category includes
all Non-workers who may not come under the above categories such as rentiers,
persons living on remittances, agricultural or non-agricultural royalty,
convicts in jails or inmates of penal, mental or charitable institutions
doing no paid
or unpaid work and persons who are seeking/available for work.
18. Sex Ratio
Sex ratio has been defined as the number of females per 1000
males in the population. It is expressed as 'number of females
per 1000 males'.
Sex-ratio = |
Number of females
---------------------- x 1000
Number of males |
19. Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years)
Child Sex-ratio (0-6 years) has been defined as the number of females in age-group
0-6 years per 1000 males in the same age-group in the population. It is expressed
as 'number of female children age (0-6) years per 1000 male children age (0-6)
years'.
Child Sex-ratio (0-6 years) = |
Number of female children (0-6)
------------------------------------------- x 1000
Number of male children (0-6) |
20. Literacy Rate
Literacy rate of population is defined as the percentage of literates to the
total population age 7 years and above.
Literacy rate = |
Number of Literates
--------------------------- x 1000
Population aged 7+ |
21. Work Participation Rate
Work participation rate is defined as the percentage of total workers (main
and marginal) to total population.
Work participation rate = |
Total Workers (Main+Marginal)
------------------------------------x 100
Total Population |
22. Location Code Structure adopted in Census 2001
There are two different sets of codes namely the location codes for villages
and the location codes for the towns. The Location Code Structure adopted in
Census 2001 is described below
Administrative Area |
Number of digits |
| State/ Union territories |
Two digits (within the country) |
| District |
Two digits (within the state/ut) |
| Sub-district |
Four digits (within the district) |
| Village |
Eight digits (within the state/ut) |
| Town |
Eight digits (within the district) |
| Ward |
Four digits (within the town) |
The general pattern followed in coding of
any geographical unit was a serpentine one, except for the
wards in the towns, beginning
from the North-west corner and completing at the
farthest South-east corner within the defined higher level
of the geographical
hierarchy.
In so far as the State/Ut is concerned Jammu & Kashmir has
code number 01 (north-west corner) and code number 35 (south east
corner) has been allotted to Andaman & Nicobar
Islands. Generally the administrative unit below
a district is a sub-district, for
example Tehsil or Taluk. However, in certain states
and union territories exceptions had to be made since
the nomenclature for sub-districts
is not uniform throughout the country. For example,
in Orissa Police station is the sub-district, in
West Bengal it is the Community
Development Block and so on.
After the completion of Houselisting Operation, three new states
namely, Uttaranchal, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand were created in
November, 2000 barely three months before the commencement of Population
Enumeration. These states were carved out of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh and Bihar respectively. This resulted in redoing the coding
exercise in all the jurisdictional units of these six affected
states and much time and effort initially put in had to be invested
again to ensure that the processing of Houselisting records is
not adversely affected among other things.
In Assam, Mizoram and Orissa there are a few sub-districts which
cut across the district jurisdictions. In such situations these
sub-districts only have been provided a separate series of code
numbers viz. 0090, 0091 etc., whereas those sub-districts which
do not violate the district boundaries have been given the normal
code numbers i.e. 0001, 0002 etc. the sub-districts which cut across
two districts are 1) Sidli Circle (Kokrajhar and Bongaigaon districts),
2) Dhakuakhana Circle ( Lakhimpur and Dhemaji districts) and 3)
Subansiri Circle (Lakhimpur and Dhemaji districts) in Assam, 4)
Tlangnuam Rural Development Block (Kolasib and Aizawl districts),
5) Thingsulthliah Rural Development Block (Aizawl and Serchhip
districts) and 6) East Lungdar Rural Development Block (Champhai
and Serchhip districts) in Mizoram and 7) Ramagiri Police Station
(Ganjam and Gajapati districts) in Orissa.One of the major initiatives
taken in the Census 2001 was the allotment of Permanent Location
Code Number (PLCN) to each and
every village within the State and not within a sub-district as
in the earlier censuses. PLCN was thus assigned as one continuous
number from the first village in the first district to the last
village in the last district. PLCN is an eight digit unique location
code number with the first six digits representing the code number
of the village and the last two digits are by default two zeros
'00' as future provision. These zeros are reserved as buffer to
be used for coding any new village(s) that may come up between
two existing villages in future. For example, if a new village
comes up between two villages with PLCNs 01254600 and 01254700,
the new village will be allotted PLCN 01254601 and so on.
The location code number for a town in every state is also an
eight digit number starting with the digit 4 situated at the extreme
left acting as the unique identifier for any town in the state.
The next two digits depict the code number of the district in which
the town falls followed by two digits representing the town serial
number in the district. There are three zeros at the end as buffer
mainly to meet the requirement of bringing the number of digits
to eight to match the number of digits in the PLCN for the villages.
Thus a town location code number 40305000 represents the town serial
number 5 of the district number 03 in a State.
There are ten towns in the country that spread over more than
one district.
These are 1) Devaprayag (Tehri Garhwal and Garhwal
districts) in Uttranchal, 2) Delhi Municipal Corporation (all
the nine districts) and 3) New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) (New
Delhi, Central, Sourth West and South districts) in Delhi, 4)
Imphal,
Municipal Council (Imphal West and Imphal East districts), 5)
Lilong, Nagar Panchayat, (Thoubal and Imphal East districts), 6)
Nambol,
Municipal Council (Bishmipur and Imphal West districts) and 7)
Samurou, Nagar Panchayat, (Thoubal and Imphal West districts)
in Manipur, 8) Siliguri, Municipal Corporation (Darjiling and Jalpaiguri
districts) in West Bengal, 9) Greater Mumbai, Municipal Corporation
(Mumbai Suburban and Mumbai districts) in Maharashtra and 10)
Hyderabad
Municipal Corporation (Hyderabad and Rangareddy districts) in
Andhra Pradesh. Although, the parts of such towns falling in two
different
districts have been coded independently, the last five digits
of these towns are the same since the same town serial numbers
have
allotted within the districts to these different town parts.
However, the district code being an element of the eight-digited
town code
structure; the same town has two different eight digited codes.
For example, Siliguri (M.Corp.) falling in two districts, namely,
Darjiling (01) and Jalpaiguri (02) has codes 40109000 and 40209000
respectively.
Internal Migration
It incldes any movement within
the political boundaries of a nation which results in a change of usual
place of residence. It may consist of the crossing of a village or town
boundary
as a minimum condition for qualifying the movement as internal migration.
Thus, the concept of internal migration involves implicitly an imposition
of boundary
lines which must be crossed before a movement is counted as internal migration.
Migrant
Migrant
is usually defined as a person who has moved from one politically
defined area to another similar area. In Indian context,
these areas are generally a village in rural and a town in
urban.
Thus a person who moves out from one village or town to
another village or town is termed as a migrant provided his/her
movement
is not of purely temporary nature on account of casual
leave, visits, tours, etc.
Non- Migrants
(Immobiles)
People,
who are seen living their entire life-time and die
in the same village/town in which they were born, are
defined
as Immobiles or non-migrants.
Birth Place
Migrant
If at
the time of Census enumeration, there is a change in
the usual place of residence of an individual with reference
to his/her birth place, he/she is defined as a migrant
in accordance with ‘birth place’ concept.
Last Residence
Migrant
If at the time of Census
enumeration, a change in the usual place of residence
of an individual is noted with reference to his/her previous
usual residence, he/she is termed as a migrant in accordance
with ‘last residence’ concept.
In-migrant
A
person, who crosses the boundaries of a village/town for
the purpose of residing at the place of enumeration, is
an in-migrant.
Out-migrant
If
a person moves out from the place of enumeration (village/town)
to another politically defined area (village/town) for
usual residence, he or she is termed as an out-migrant.
Intra-district
Migrant
When a person moves
out from his place of usual residence or birth to another
politically
defined area (village/town), which is within the district
of enumeration, he/she is termed as an intra-district
migrant.
Inter-district
Migrant
A person who is in
the course of migration crosses the boundary of the
district
of enumeration but remains within the State of enumeration,
is termed as an inter-district migrant.
Intra-state
Migrant
When
a person crosses the boundary of his/her village/town
for
usual residence elsewhere within the State of enumeration,
the person concerned is treated as an intra-State migrant.
Thus intra-district and inter-district migrants together
constitute the intra-State migrants.
Inter-State
migrant
If the place of enumeration
of an individual differs from the place of birth or
last residence and these lie in two different States,
the person
is treated accordingly as an inter-State migrant with
regard to birth place or last residence concept.
Life-time In-Migration
It
denotes the total number of persons enumerated in a given
area at a particular Census who were born outside the area
of enumeration
but within the national boundaries.
Life-time Out-Migration
It
gives the total number of persons born in a given area
but now enumerated outside the area within the national boundaries
at the time of particular Census.
Life-time Net-Migration
The
difference between life-time in-migration and life-time
out-migration is termed as life-time net-migration.
Migration rate
It
is taken as the ratio of total migrants counted in the
Census to its total population multiplied by 1000. While discussing
the migration result, the term population mobility is taken
as a synonym to migration rate.
24.
Abbreviations Used
The following abbreviations of civic status of cities or towns
are used while presenting the data in the Table on Final Population
Totals:
| C.B. |
Cantonment Board/Cantonment |
| C.M.C |
City Municipal Council |
| E.O |
Estate Office |
| G.P |
Gram Panchayat |
| I.N.A |
Industrial Notified Area |
| I.T.S. |
Industrial Township |
| M |
Municipality |
| M.B. |
Municipal Board |
| M.C |
Municipal Committee |
| M.Cl |
Municipal Council |
| M.Corp. |
Municipal Corporation/Corporation |
| N.A. |
Notified Area |
| N.A.C |
Notified Area Committee/Notified Area Council |
| N.P |
Nagar Panchayat |
| N.T |
Notified Town |
| N.T.A |
Notified Town Area |
| S.T.C |
Small Town Committee |
| T.C. |
Town Committee/Town Area Committee |
| T.M.C |
Town Municipal Council |
| T.P |
Town Panchayat |
| T.S. |
Township |
| C.T |
Census Town |
| O.T |
Out Growth |
|
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Definition of Slum
Slums have come to form an integral part of the phenomena of
urbanization in India. Comprehensive information
on the slums being essential for formulation of effective and coordinated
policy for their improvement. Formation and identification
of slum enumeration blocks prior to the conduct
of 2001 Census has made it possible to compile and repare special
tables for slums. It is for the first time in the history of
census in the country that the slum demography
is being presented on the basis of the actual count. The systematic delineation
of slums for collection of primary data on their population
characteristics during population enumeration
itself may perhaps be the first of its type in the world.
For the purpose of Census of India, 2001, the slum areas broadly
constitute of :-
(i) All specified areas in a town or city notified
as ‘Slum’ by
State/Local Government and UT Administration under any Act including
a ‘Slum
Act’.
(ii) All areas recognized as ‘Slum’ by
State/Local Government and UT Administration,
Housing and Slum Boards, which may have not been formally
notified as slum under any act;
(iii) A compact area of at least 300 population
or about 60-70 households of poorly built congested
tenements, in unhygienic environment usually with inadequate
infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking
water facilities.
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